PORTUGUESE AND CEYLON (1597-1658) – English Translation - Chapter 1

 

Chapter 1 - Objective


The last Sinhalese king of Kotte, Maha Bandara, also known as Dharmapala, died on May 27, 1597. After two days, Portuguese Captain General Don Jeronimo de Azavedo summoned all of the deceased kings, including "Nilame" and "Maha Sabhawa," to Colombo, where he proclaimed King of Portugal as King of Ceylon.Some Sinhala chiefs accepted Portugal's ruler as Ceylon's monarch and swore allegiance to Dharmapala, who had died, and the new king of Portugal. Following the pledge of loyalty, the Portugal flag was raised, followed by a 'perahera' in which a Sinhala Nilame carrying the Portugal flag was marched through the streets of Colombo. The ritual came to conclusion at that moment.
When discussing the relations between Ceylon and Portugal at the time, that ceremony in Colombo plays a significant role.

On the one hand, this incident is significant in confirming that the news of the Portuguese captain general's agreement made at Malwana with the Sinhalese is accurate. An agreement reached in Malwana is not mentioned in any Sinhala or Portuguese real-time records. For the first time after 80 years after the agreement, some written material about it is mentioned in two publications. In the two volumes authored by Fernando De Queiroz and Jao Ribeiro, there are several contradictions that deviate from the main story. By properly examining such data, historians' opinions regarding the Malwana Convention may be inferred. It is far more rational to believe that no such convention occurred, and that the folklore or narrative was born with the ceremony held in Colombo on May 29th 1597, as years passed.

It was an undeniable truth that with the death of King Dharmapala, the age of Portuguese power evolution came to an end. The Portuguese arrived in the first decade of the 16th century, and it was apparent that they gradually stepped into government activities during the next few decades. With the death of King Dharmapala, they were able to complete the goal they started in 1505 by gaining control of the kingdom of Kotte. In this sense, the journey Portuguese started in 1505 actually reached Kotte in 1597.

1597 marked the end of a journey as well as the start of a new era. After this, Ceylon will have to confront Portuguese influences directly that faced casually and indirectly earlier. After 1597, the Portuguese reaped tremendous benefits from missionary missions. After 1597, there is a distinct shift in how people use land. Clear contrasting changes can be noticed in selling things at that time, according to the desires of a government with the goal of developing sales. After seizing control of the south coast, they turned their attention to two kingdoms in the Uplands (Kandy) and the North (Jaffna), resulting in a series of conflicts after 1597. The proponents of a Portuguese era in Sri Lankan history choose 1597 as the beginning year of that era, rather than 1505.

Although the Portuguese era in Sri Lankan history began in 1597, it should be noted that the Portuguese gained governmental authority in Sri Lanka 3,4 years later. In 1593, King Seethawaka Rajasinghe died. It's hardly an exaggeration to say that following his death, the south was owned. The impotence that occurred in the south has been altered by the Portuguese. In Dharmapala's name, they employed their army to gain control of the southern region. As a result, they obtained political authority in Sri Lanka's south area for at least 2,3 years before 1597. According to this, it cannot be said that they seized control following Dharmapala's death.

After capturing authority in the south, the Portuguese were confronted with two major issues within next half century. The first issue they faced was establishing their political power in Sri Lanka. They had to battle the Jaffna kingdom and struggle with the Kandy kingdom for a long time to achieve this. When they arrived in the East, it was the second obstacle they had to deal with in order to fulfill their objectives. As a result, they had to devise new trade and revenue policies. The objective of this book is to discuss the consequences of the Portuguese battle to gain control of local states and achieve their goals.


පෘතුගීසි සහ ලංකාව (1597-1658)

Author – Tikiri Abeysinghe

English Translation – Seed

 

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